As an example, let’s consider the AND gate (the others are OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR). Electronic gates operate on two nominal voltages, normally 0 V and 5 V, representing the logic 0 ...

Others are more elusive, like XOR and NAND. For those just getting their start in digital logic, this teaching tool allows different logic gates to be wired together with patch cables. While ...

In addition to NAND gates, the development of all-optical XOR logic gates has also been explored ... data processing in secure communications[3]. This research emphasizes the importance of ...