Scientific papers are often structured chronologically, thus reflecting the progression of the research project. Still, effective papers typically break the chronology in several ways to present ...

That’s far faster than the increase of scientific papers overall, which is doubling every 15 years. “It’s already a problem, and I foresee a crisis,” Dr. Abalkina said.

Science, a top research journal, said there was no evidence of misconduct by researchers whose finding attracted heavy attention and scrutiny in social media’s early days.

Two scientific methods called induction and retroduction form the basis for almost all wildlife research. Induction is used to establish reliable associations among sets of facts, whereas retroduction ...