In line with its self-reliance mission, ISRO has developed an alternative for the imported Columbium material used for the nozzle divergent in the fourth stage of the PSLV launch vehicle. It has ...

A shining example is the nozzle divergent of the PSLV’s fourth stage, which has, until recently, relied on imported Columbium (C103), a rare and expensive material. That is now changing. In a major ...

alloy) was successful and it would help in saving 90 per cent of costs. In an update, ISRO the liquid engines being flown in the fourth stage of PSLV (PS4) use nozzle divergent made up of imported ...

use nozzle divergent made up of imported Columbium (C103) material. An alternate material, Stellite (KC20WN), was proposed for the nozzle divergent realization to achieve Atmanirbharatha along with ...

The liquid engines being flown in the fourth stage of PSLV (PS4) use nozzle divergent made up of imported Columbium (C103) material. An alternate material, Stellite (KC20WN), was proposed for the ...