The first surprise was that the bismuth crystals move around on the surface of ... You can even experiment at home with this.

These metamorphic conditions produced rocks with crystals of graphite trapped inside them. On the other hand, amorphous graphite formed when the dead cyanobacteria formed coal deposits ...

The structure of graphite crystal is a repetitive pattern. This pattern gets disrupted at the surface of the crystal and leads to what's called 'surface states', which are like waves that slowly fade ...