James is a published author with four pop-history and science books to his name. He specializes in history, strange science, and anything out of the ordinary.

bocki has a complex genome that is typical of bilaterians. This challenges the idea that X. bocki belongs to a more primitive, simplified sister group to Bilateria and provides a starting point for ...

Proteins with clear relationships to vertebrate galectins are already found in primitive Bilateria. The increasing amount of accessible well-annotated bilaterian genomes has allowed us to reveal, ...

These two taxa together are also called Bilateria, because of their bilateral symmetry. There are four phyla (Cnidaria, Placozoa, Ctenophora, Porifera) that diverged before the emergence of Bilateria ...

We thank Carl-Philipp Heisenberg and Cornelia Schwayer for fruitful discussions, G. Genikhovich for critically reading the first version of the manuscript, E. L. Genikhovich for help in calculating ...

This new species belongs to a group of worms that holds a controversial place in the tree of life, as a sister group of the Bilateria — the group that contains the most-complex animals ...

Minks are small mammals with long, thin bodies, short legs, pointed snouts and claws. These soft creatures are related to ermines, ferrets and weasels and look much like their relatives. Their fur ...

Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2015 (received for review June 12, 2015) Phylogenetic tree generated from a matrix of 51,940 amino ...

It is likely that the ancestor of Bilateria appeared at the end of the Vendian period which is the last geological period of the Neoproterozoic Era preceding the Cambrian Period. It lasted from ...

Flies look very different from humans, but both are descended from a common ancestor that existed over 600 million years ago. Some differences between animal species are due to them having different ...