One of the symmetries it describes is the so-called U(1) Y hypercharge: a gauge symmetry that contributes to the electric charge of particles before electromagnetic and weak forces become distinct ...

AIP and APS are excited to award Samson Shatashvili with the 2025 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics. Shatashvili ...

Here's what you need to know before planning a trip to Lake Maggiore, including the best hotels, things to do, and more.

So we'll be, first and foremost, looking for a tumor to kidney ratio and should that be positive in the dose symmetry that is ... And this is all also gauge to which isotope you need and you ...

For decades, physicists have struggled to reconcile the laws governing the very small with those that describe the vast cosmos. Quantum mechanics rules subatomic particles, while general relativity ...

This is reflected in the invariance of Poisson brackets or quantum commutators under canonical transformations, which I regard as a global symmetry. A gauge symmetry can be defined in phase space (X M ...