In string theory, each type of elementary matter particle—and each type of fundamental force carrier ... such as charge, mass, and spin—of the particle it is. The equations of string theory ...

While providing an understanding of subatomic physics, the Standard Model also makes predictions as complicated equations ...

Save guides, add subjects and pick up where you left off with your BBC account. The emission of beta radiation provides evidence that neutrons and protons are made up of quarks. Beta (\(\beta ...