The thinking was that God intervened and the windy weather was a sign that God was on Elizabeth’s side. Leaders The Duke of Medina Sidonia led the Spanish fleet, but he was inexperienced in ...

Queen Elizabeth I was known to be an all-powerful monarch, a warrior who defeated the Spanish Armada, a leader loved by her subjects and a muse for Shakespeare. The late Queen of England and ...

The following year Philip II of Spain launched a great fleet of ships, known as the Spanish Armada, to try and overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Always a popular monarch, and a ...

Elizabeth I faced betrayal, imprisonment, and religious conflict before becoming one of England’s greatest monarchs. From rebuilding the Church of England to defeating the Spanish Armada ...

seeking to depose Elizabeth and bring Protestant England back into the Catholic fold. The discovery of the letters between the Duke of Medina Sidonia, Commander of the Armada and his second in ...

The English sent fireships – old ships loaded with pretty much anything that would burn – among the Spanish. The Armada broke formation ... was a huge boon for Elizabeth, England and the ...

Readers who want a fast-paced account of how Elizabeth’s navy, led by such captains as Drake, Howard, and Frobisher, managed to defeat the Spanish Armada in battles fought in the English Channel, ...