but the ones that beta-blockers work on are the beta receptors: beta-1 (B1), beta-2 (B2), and beta-3 (B3). B1 receptors are mainly on the cells of your heart and kidneys. When they are activated ...

The latter is for medicines that block the B1 receptors found in the heart, which when activated, focus on elevated heart rate, increasing pumping force and releasing a kidney enzyme called renin.

Instead, the team's experiments show that B1-typical B-cell receptor can reprogram B2 cells into B1 cells, suggesting that B1 cells emerge as a consequence of their special B-cell receptors.

Americans Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka have been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "groundbreaking discoveries" about the "fine-tuned system of interactions between ...