Shoulder dystocia occurs when after the delivery of the fetal head, the shoulder fails ... Maternal diabetes, macrosomia, obesity and prior shoulder dystocia represent the largest categories ...

Many fetal complications, such as intrauterine fetal death, neonatal hypoglycemia, congenital anomalies, macrosomia and increased prenatal mortality, are related to pre-GDM. In women diagnosed ...

This may lead to complications such as macrosomia (abnormally large baby), preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension), and an increased likelihood of requiring a cesarean delivery. Here's ...