Specialised plant cells include root hair cells, palisade cells ... Like animal cells, basic plant cells have a nucleus, a cell membrane and cytoplasm. They've also got a vacuole, chloroplasts ...

Plant cells use vacuoles to adjust their size and turgor pressure. Vacuoles usually account for changes in cell size when the cytoplasmic volume stays constant. Some vacuoles have specialized ...

A new method developed by Penn State biologists allows them to turn stripped-down plant cells into other types of cells, ...

However, they still require proteins made from instructions in the cell nucleus to function properly and to assemble multiprotein complexes like the photosynthetic apparatus. Specialized ...

A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...